Is hormone replacement therapy safe for menopause?

For most healthy women who start near menopause, generally under sixty or within ten years of their last period, the benefits for symptom relief tend to outweigh the risks. Safety depends on a woman's health history, the type and route of hormones, and the dose. It is not recommended for women with certain conditions, so the decision is made individually with a clinician.

Does hormone therapy cause breast cancer?

Combined estrogen and progestogen therapy is linked to a small increase in breast cancer risk that grows with longer use, while estrogen-only therapy shows little or no increase in many studies. For a healthy woman in her early fifties the absolute risk is low. This is one of the trade-offs weighed individually when deciding on therapy.

What is the timing hypothesis in menopause treatment?

The timing hypothesis is the finding that the benefit-to-risk balance of hormone therapy depends on when it begins. Starting near the onset of menopause tends to favor benefit for symptoms and bone, while starting many years later shifts the balance toward risk. It helped explain why early studies in older women looked more alarming than later analysis supported.

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